How
to Pass HKDSE English with Flying Colours Paper 4表達技巧指導第1輯。
l The Speaking exam consists of Part A Group Discussion (Preparation: 10 minutes;
discussion: 8 minutes per group of four candidates) and Part B Individual Response (one minute per
candidate). (Speaking 考試分兩個part。在Part A的Group Discussion,你有十分鐘準備時間,之後的討論時間因人數而異,四人小組的討論時間是八分鐘。在Part B的Individual Response,考官就剛才小組討論的題目向考生提一條問題,考生要說一分鐘。)
l How good is the performance of a Level 5 candidate? (1) click the following link: http://www.hkeaa.edu.hk/en/hkdse/SRR/level5/eng_lang.html, and then (2) click ‘Level 5 exemplar on Speaking paper (Individual Response)’. View the footage with the RealPlayer, which you can search and install online free of charge. (Level 5的考生要達到甚麽水平?請點擊這條鏈結:http://www.hkeaa.edu.hk/en/hkdse/SRR/level5/eng_lang.html, 然後點擊,‘Level 5 exemplar on Speaking paper (Individual Response)。上述錄影要用RealPlayer看。RealPlayer可以在網上免費下載。)
Oral English is an important requirement of work. When you prepare for the Speaking section, you are not just preparing a paper but empowering yourself for career success!
Mr. Courtship: ‘Haven’t I seen you sometime before?’
Ms. Beauty: ‘Probably, I work at the zoo.’ J
Preparation tips:
l Keep yourself informed about current affairs. (知點時事)
l Participate in debate competitions, speech festivals, etc.
l Practice useful sentences/expressions before the examination so that they can always pop up at critical moments. (熟習一些句子/表達,討論時自動「噴」出)
l Develop these habits: (1) Listen and then speak without further thinking. (不要老是先想後說,要習慣不用想就可以說) (2) Always get to the point when you speak. (習慣一說話就說到重點)
Performance Tips:
l Important principle: Communication is the most important point in a group discussion (Group Discussion的竅門在於「敢」溝通). Speak up! Don’t be shy! (出得尼考試,預左唔可以扭扭捏捏) Don’t worry about some occasional and minor errors (即使說了一些小錯誤,也不過是小事一件,絕不氣餒!). Grammar and the pronunciation of individual words are relatively of minor importance when compared to the general impression you give (相對而言,文法錯誤和讀音瑕疵都及不上整體說得流暢的重要,那是印象和觀感分). Go on! (寧嘗試而失敗,不要不嘗試而放棄!)
l During the 10-minute preparation time (如何善用十分鐘準備時間): List salient points during preparation in point form and NOT in sentences (列出你想說的,但要用point form,不要列句子); figure out 10-12 points to speak; spare 2-4 minutes to rehearse what you would say (列出10-12點要說的,用2-4分鐘「自己試說」,那麽,你在Group Discussion時會更有信心); think about your stand (考慮以下各點,包括立場); your role (角色) – to lead or induce another to lead (引導討論或促使別人去引導)?; your technique to communicate (溝通技巧), to express yourself (表達), to query (提問), to stop an aggressive partner (阻止說得太多的人), to respond and defend (回應和維辯本身論點). Think about the tenses to be used (小心時態). Be careful with your pronunciation (注意讀音).
l Level 5 candidate as an individual (Level 5考生的個人表現): Good audibility (聲量要讓人聽得清楚你); Clear and accurate pronunciation (發音清楚準確); overall accurate grammar (文法整體上準確); use of stress and intonation to enhance your message (能用重音和語調增強你的訊息); fluency (流暢); good body language (see below) (良好的身體語言,見下文); a good range of appropriate vocabulary items (運用豐富和適合的詞語), phrases and patterns (能運用好的片語和句式); relevant ideas and explanations (想法和解釋沒有離式); cogency (中肯;有說服力); an ability to argue sophisticated viewpoints (有能力談複雜的論點); an ability to provide justifications and explanations for a standpoint (能為論點提供理由和解釋); even with some occasional and minor errors.
l Level 5 candidate as a team member (Level 5考生和小組其他成員合作時的表現): a desire to contribute to the group interaction (不要抱着「做戲」/「做作」心態,要真心互動); effective communication and interaction skills (有效的溝通和互動技巧); good-turn-talking skills (take up and pass on the talk smoothly and not mechanically) (懂得「承」和「轉」,懂得如何加入發言,如何將話題轉給他人); contribution to the smooth flow of discussion (能作出貢獻,令討論順暢); active and effective participation (listen to other participants earnestly; respond to them appropriately)(好好參與,留心聽人說話,但留心聽的目的不是只聽,只聽是沒有分數的,留心聽,然後抓住機會,適當回應); meaningful contribution (contribute additional ideas of your own).
l How long should I speak every time in the group discussion? A group of 4 candidates have 8 minutes for discussion. Preferably, you should speak no less than 30 seconds and no more than 1 minute every time (每次發言的時間可以是30秒至1分鐘之間).
l Body language (身體語言) includes (1) maintain genuine eye-contact (眼神接觸) with fellow candidates (during group discussion) (在Group Discussion時,要和其他考生有眼神接觸) and examiners (during individual response) (在Individual Response時,要和examiner有眼神接觸); (2) hand gestures (用手勢); and (3) back-channelling, which is a way of showing the speaking candidate that you are following what they are saying and understand, often through interjections like I see, yes, OK and uhu. (給對方反應,表示你了解,可以說I see, yes、OK 、uhu)
l Make a favourable impression on your examiner (給考官好印象): (1) Legibly jot down keywords/brief phrases but NOT sentences. You may refer to your notes when speaking but NEVER read out verbatim what you have written. Your examiner will award you a lower score for that (照字讀出你在準備時間裡寫下的points會被考官扣分,你要像說話地講出你的points). (2) Maintain eye-contact with your fellow candidates (during the Group Discussion section) and your examiner (during the Individual Response section). (3) Always try to speak smoothly and with confidence; (4) Pay attention to the intonation of whole sentences (留意整句的語調); (5) Support your points with relevant examples, if possible (可以的話,舉些例子). (6) Conduct yourself with decorum (表示端莊得體), but make the discussion lively and pleasurable and avoid being too formal with your discussion partners (但不要過於拘謹,過於拘謹會影響你的表現). Always interact well with them through body language (see above). Show interest in what they say.
l Contribute as a team member (基本討論技巧): Avoid dull discussions followed by awkward silences. Use closed-ended questions to get your discussion partners involved. (e.g. Can we reduce work addiction (工作狂) by spreading the importance of leisure time activities, Mr. Lam?). Use open-ended question to keep your discussions going and help them reach greater depth (e.g. What do you think we could do to reduce work addiction, Miss Chan?). (討論時兼用只需要簡單答案(例如只答「是」、「否」、「有」、「無」)的close-ended question和沒有固定答案的open-ended question問對方)
l During individual response: Don’t ramble (勿扯談). Answer the examiner’s question directly (要直接入題). Don’t be too slow in response (回應不可太慢). Keep good eye-contact with the examiner (要與考官有眼神接觸). Use short sentences (句子要短). But don’t give an answer which is too short (答案不能太短). Avoid mistakes (避免犯錯). Be articulate (小心讀音). Use correct tenses (注意時態). Listen to the examiner’s question carefully. (小心聆聽考官的問題). Say ‘I beg your pardon’ if you cannot hear the question clearly (聽不清楚問題便叫考官重覆). If you really cannot understand the question, IMMEDIATELY ask the examiner for another question: ‘Excuse me, examiner, I can’t understand your question. Would you mind asking me another question?’ (真不能了解問題,立刻請考官問下一題).
l Refer to the Annual reports for grammatical and pronunciation errors.
Formulaic expressions are useful, but never overuse them or use them regardless of the context. Use formulaic expressions only when the situation warrants their use. (套語有用,應用得用,但不應濫用)l Always ask meaningful questions or provide natural or appropriate responses.
Skill 1. Greet group members; start the discussion; make your point; invite others to join (四步曲:打招呼,說明話題,發表論點,邀請加入)
1. Nice to meet everyone here for our discussion. The topic we are going to discuss today is… For me… Do you agree? What would be your opinion?
2. Good afternoon / Good evening, everyone. We are here to discuss a topic on [body art and individuality]. We have to complete the discussion in 8 minutes. Let’s begin the discussion/Let’s get started. In my opinion… Does any one of you have any similar or other examples / ideas / points / comments?
3. Well, friends, I believe you are already aware of the topic of today’s discussion. We are here to exchange our views on an article titled [A question of privacy]. Shall we start? Let's start with the point [whether the media have too much freedom] (If the first point to talk about in the paper is [whether the media have too much freedom]).
4. Hello, everybody, mind / do you mind if I begin? Today we are talking about… I suggest that… [Mr. Wong], do you think it is feasible / can work? I’d be happy to hear your opinion.
5. Let’s start our discussion on [picnic arrangement] if everyone is ready. This discussion topic is not new to any one of us here. Our task is to discuss [which destination would be ideal for our picnic]. My own view is that… Do you think so?
Skill 2. How to respond when a member starts the discussion by saying ‘Shall we start’? (別人開了頭,自己要作回應,不要沉默)
6. Sure, we have 8 minutes. Go ahead.
Skill 3. Initiate the discussion with a question (用提問法開始討論)
7. Hello, everybody. We are here to discuss the topic of privacy. [Do the media have too much freedom?] What are your opinions? (Turn your head to scan through your three partners after you ask the question. If nobody responds, immediately give your viewpoints by saying, ‘As I see it, …’)
Skill 4. What should I do if I don’t understand the topic at all? (不明白時,以靜制動)
8. Don’t try to initiate the discussion. Be a good listener first. Get the idea of others and then give good response.
9. Well, I’m not sure. I’ll have to think it over. (若有人要你發言,你根本不明白當時他們在說甚麽,可以用這句)
10. May I think about it for a moment? (若有人要你發言,你根本不明白當時他們在說甚麽,可以用這句)
Skill 5. How to participate if I don’t know the topic or what other members are talking about? (不懂議題,不懂其他人談甚麽,如何參加)
11. You may rephrase a point of your partners (用別人的論點,用自己的話說). For example, if a member proposes to regulate tongue piercing (規管穿舌環) to protect teenagers, you may say, ‘Yes, regulating tongue piercing is a good idea. We should protect teenagers.’
Skill 6. Give Suggestions (提意見)
12. I think / I believe / I suppose / I reckon (估計;猜想)… / I figure (估計;認為) [it’ll be successful].
13. I'll be brief. (我簡單地談一談)
14. As I see it, …/ As for me15. I suppose…
16. Personally, …
17. To me…
18. So far as I can judge, [it is impractical, because]… /My judgment is that [it is impractical]…
19. How about (if we)…?
20. How about this idea: [we have our summer vacation on Lantau Island instead]?
21. Wouldn’t it be a good idea if…?
22. Wouldn’t it be sensible for us to…?
23. The way I see it, we should…
24. I’d like to put forward a suggestion: [Let’s conduct an opinion survey on...]
25. What I want to say is that…
26. A point I want to make is that…
27. One idea would be…
Skill 7. Invite members to speak (邀請人說話)
28. What do you think…
29. How does that sound to you?
30. Do you have any suggestion?
31. What you would recommend, [Mr. Chan]?
32. What’s on your mind?
33. Do you think we ought to … [Mr. Chan]?
34. What would you do if you were me, [Miss. Chan]?
35. Would you mind sharing with / giving us your opinion?
36. Does it make sense to you?
37. Would we try to [be strong/learn from the case/reason with them], [Mr Chan]?
38. What else can you suggest, [Mr. Chan]?
39. What do you think about my / this suggestion?
40. Miss Chan, is it alright/do you think it’ll work?
41. Mr. Chan, we would you do in this position?
42. What about you, [Miss Chan]? Do you have any other points?
43. What about you, [Mr. Chan]? Have you got any suggestions?
Skill 8. Emphasize your point (強調觀點)
44. Absolutely, …
45. I’m certain that…
46. I feel strongly that…
47. I’m really very enthusiastic about that!
48. Great! / Terrific! / How wonderful! / How marvelous (不可思議的)! / It’s breathtaking (激動人心的). / What a good idea!
49. Well, I'm surprised that no one has thought about that.Skill 9 What to say when nobody follows up after you/another member speak (你或別人發言後無人跟進,如何打破冷場)
50. Would any of you say a few words on…? (邀請其他人發言)
51. I would like to add something here. (自己再發言,再邀請其他人發言)
52. I would like to give some explanations here. (自己再發言,再邀請其他人發言)
Skill 9. How to express agreement and why (表示同意,解釋理由)
53. I agree with you, but… (partial agreement, i.e. agree on one point but disagree on another)
54. That makes sense; however… (partial agreement)
55. It's a good idea / point, but… (partial agreement)
56. I suppose so. (partial agreement)
57. Certainly it’s true that…, but on the other hand…(partial agreement)
58. I can see that… But surely…(partial agreement)
59. I am in total agreement with you about… but we also have to consider…. (partial agreement)
60. Agreed, but if we accept… then it must also be true that…(partial agreement)
61. In that case, ... (carry a member’s point further, and then agree or disagree)
62. ‘People like to read magazines for gossip only.’ ‘I suppose so.’
63. If you reply to a negative statement, you say, ‘I suppose not.’ 例如: ‘People like to read magazines for gossip only.’ ‘I suppose not.’
64. Yes, and in fact… (corroboration, i.e. agree and add a further point)
65. Yes, and what is more…
66. I agree, and in fact one might go so far as to say…
67. Absolutely. Actually, I would go further, and say…
68. That’s a sensible / constructive ideas / point / suggestion, because…
69. That sounds great, as…
70. Sounds good.
71. That makes sense since…
72. Very sensible of you, since…
73. Fine, let's do that.
74. I agree with…
75. I think… is a good idea / point
76. I think you're right.
77. I completely agree.
78. You're totally correct/right.
79. Exactly.
80. You know, that’s exactly what I think.
81. That’s just what I’m thinking.
82. That’s exactly what I mean / what is in my mind.
83. I’d go along with your idea / suggestion.
84. That’s a good point. Your suggestion is very innovative and creative.
Skill 10. How to express disagreement and why (表示不同意,並解釋理由)
85. Important: Calmly express your opinion and respect the other member’s opinion all the while. Use expressions which soften the contradictory opinion you are giving (先揚後抑;先禮後兵), and give a reason why you disagree. (講道理)
86. Yes, but… (‘English is difficult.’ ‘Yes, but it’s not so difficult as German.’)
87. I take / see your point, but…
88. I am afraid I can’t agree because…
89. I’m afraid not. There is a point which I should mention.
90. The problem with that is…
91. The way I see it is…
92. I'm against it because…
93. Instead, I think that…
94. Actually, I find that…
95. I’m not sure I quite agree, because…
96. Yes, perhaps, but I think…
97. Well, yours is not a bad idea, but I am sorry I can’t agree with you that…
98. I agree in part / to some extent but…
99. Well, that might work but…
100. Okay, I see your point. But surely you'll admit that…
101. I see what you mean, but many people may not, because….
102. I see what you mean but I have to say ‘no’ to that because…. / but I don’t think…
103. I see your point but I have another idea.
104. That’s not a very good idea.
105. I think we should… (indirect disagreement)
106. Perhaps we could consider an alternative solution. (indirect disagreement)
107. We could… (indirect disagreement)
108. How about…(indirect disagreement)
109. What about…(indirect disagreement)
110. Is that really necessary? (indirect disagreement)
111. One solution may be…(indirect disagreement)
112. It’s not an entirely correct thing to do actually.
113. Personally, I feel that might be a bit unnecessary.
Skill 11. Respond to challenge (回應質疑)
114. You may ask for details by saying: (i) Why do you say that, [Mr. Wong]? (ii) Could you be more specific? (iii) What’s there about [going on picnic on a holiday] that you don’t like?
115. You may ask for confirmation by saying: ‘Are you saying that I have left out an important point, which is…?’
116. You may insist by saying: ‘It’s not a bad idea having regard to all circumstances. Why don’t we give it a try?’
117. J Occasionally, you will find that what you thought to be criticism really isn’t!
Skill 12. Circumvent (避而不答)
118. Thank you for your question. In general, I see your point. In addition, I believe that… How about you?
Skill 13. Change your standpoint (改變立場,策畧退卻)
1. Yes, I guess you could be right.
2. Yes, you have a point on…
3. I’m not sure about that. / I can’t be certain about it.
4. I can’t say for certain. / I can’t say with any certainty about it.
5. Actually, your idea is better. So, why don’t we…?
6. Perhaps you’re right. I’m too pessimistic / ignorant to say / believe that…
7. (It’s) hard to tell. It could be…
8. I can’t make up some mind.
9. I’m in two minds about [which method to use].
10. On my second thought, I will follow your idea
11. I have to agree with you on… but I think I am right in saying that… (退卻一半)
Skill 14. Query or ask for details (質疑;問詳細資料)
12. Why do you say that?
13. What good is [the freedom of media] supposed to do?
14. That was a fascinating idea you give us. Tell me, [Mr. Cheung], why do you think [people like to read magazines just for juicy gossip]?
Skill 15. Ask for repetition (請人重說)
15. (I'm) sorry? (I) (beg your) pardon?
16. Sorry, could you possibly repeat what you said?
17. Excuse me, could you please repeat that (for me) / say that again?
18. Sorry/I’m sorry, would you mind saying it/that again / repeating it/that?
19. I’m afraid I didn’t quite catch what you said. Could you repeat it?
20. Hang on. / Just a minute, please say it / that again.
21. I’m sorry, [Miss Chan]. Do you mean (that)…?
22. If I understand you rightly, do you mean that we should…?
23. If I get you right, do you mean we shouldn’t…?
24. Sorry, would you mind speaking a bit slower?
25. Sorry, can / could you repeat it more loudly? I’m afraid we can’t hear you clearly.26. Sorry, did you say…?
Skill 16. Correct members’ mistakes politely (禮貌改正別人錯處)
27. Sorry, that’s not correct.
28. The way isn’t right, is it?
29. I think it might be more accurate/correct to say that [drunk driving (醉駕) causes many car accident] .
30. Well, actually / as a matter of fact, [Hong Kong Island lies to the south of Kowloon].
31. I’m sorry, [Miss Chan]. It might not be correct to say… because…
32. Sorry, I’m afraid it’s not suitable to say…
33. I’ve to say that/I’m afraid that it’s not quite right.
34. It doesn’t correct to say/suppose that [teenagers have no choice but to abuse drugs].
35. Wouldn’t it be better to say… because…
36. [Miss Chan], I suppose you’re mistaken there.
37. If I may say so, the choice is incorrect / it’s actually not the case / you’re wrong there.
38. Pardon me, [Mr. Chan]. I’m afraid you’re wrong in saying that… In fact, don’t you think it’s better to…?
Skill 17. Correct your own mistakes (糾正自己錯處)
39. My mistake.
40. I must apologize for what I’ve said.
41. If I may correct myself, I don’t think that [capital punishment is justified].
42. I’m sorry… I’m afraid I was wrong to say so. In fact, thinking about it, it is better…
43. I didn’t mean it that way.
44. I think I got that wrong. What I meant to say was…
45. I’m sorry that I’ve just made a mistake. Actually, it should be…
Skill 18. Take up a point (接談話題)
46. On the subject of investment/music, people nowadays …
47. About [the property prices of Hong Kong], I think [they are so high that many of us cannot afford a comfortable home].
48. That reminds me of [the time I went camping with my friends, and we waited at different locations because of poor coordination].
49. Sorry to butt in (插嘴), but did I hear you say that [Hong Kong and Guangdong should have economic communion (經濟共融), will Hong Kong’s competitive advantage become blurred by such communion (經濟共融會令香港的競爭優勢模糊嗎)]?
Skill 19. When asked a question, and you have no idea (無點子) or think the question is not appropriate (認為問題不應問)
50. I’m sorry. I have no idea at this moment.
51. I don’t have much to say.
52. I know too much about this… (Alternatively, you may summarize or paraphrase the points of your partner(s) and say if you agree or not, and why. (你為何會agree/disagree?不是有新point說了嗎?)
53. I would like to hold my comments for the time being. [Mr. Tang] seems to have something to say on this point. [Mr. Tang], would you share your ideas with us?
54. Thank you for asking me, [Miss Cheung], but perhaps we should focus on the question of [what qualities make a person successful at this stage].
Skill 20. Get passive members involved (鼓勵投入)
55. [Miss Lee], do you agree with the idea of [organizing a music party]? (Ask a weaker candidate a yes / no question)
56. [Miss Lee], do you think we should organize [a picnic or a party]? (Ask a weaker candidate to choose between two options)
57. [Miss Lee], what do you think about [organizing a music party]? (Ask a weaker candidate for views on a point)
58. Excuse me. Perhaps we should hear [Mr. Chan]’s opinion. [Mr. Chan], what do you think about…
59. [Miss Chan], do you think the idea will work?
60. [Miss Chan], can I ask if you would agree that [the competitive strengths of Hong Kong are deteriorating (香港的競爭力正在轉差)]?
61. [Miss Chan], would you like to say a few words on…?
62. [Mr. Chan], we haven’t heard from you yet. What’s your opinion on…?
63. [Mr. Chan], you agree with me, wouldn’t you?
64. Would anyone care to comment?
65. Let us, I mean all of us, take part in the discussion.
66. Which one do you prefer? X or Y?
67. Mr. Chan, do you have any comment on my idea?
Skill 21. Have I expressed myself clearly (我有清楚表達自己嗎?)
68. Do you get me?
69. Ok so far?
70. Do you see my point?
71. Have I made my point clear? /Have I made myself clear?
72. If there ‘s anything you are still not clear about, please let me know.
73. Do you see / know /get what I mean?
74. Are you with me?
75. Do you follow me? / Are you following me? (你明白我的話嗎?)
76. Does it make sense to you?77. Does that seem to make sense?
Skill 22. Ask for clarification (要求澄清)
78. If I understand you correctly, you're saying that…
79. May you be simpler about what you have just said?
80. Could you explain your idea further?
81. Could you elaborate your point/ idea?
82. Pardon me, but are you really certain about it?
83. Do you mean to say [drug abuse are common among artists]?
84. Hang on! What are you talking about?
85. I’m sorry. What’s the meaning of…?
Skill 23. Clarifying (自我澄清)
86. What I mean is…
87. What I’m trying to say is…
88. Let me put you in the picture. (讓我把情況告訴你)
89. What / All I’m trying to say is that…
90. I was merely stating the fact that…
91. I was just making the suggestion that…
92. To put it simple, I mean…
93. I’m sorry I haven’t made myself clear. My point is…
94. Let me put it another way / Let me explain it in another way / To put it another way / To put it in other words, I’m saying that…
95. Sorry, I think I was wrong to say…
96. I said, could [social workers give students a hand (幫助)]?
Skill 24. Avoid awkward silence (打破冷場)
97. Let’s be more outspoken / active.
98. Time is running short. Should we say something about…
Skill 25. Add a point to what you / others said (給自己或別人之前的話添加論點)
99. Let’s go back to the point of [Mr. Chan]. I would like to add something here.
100. Before jumping to a conclusion, I would like to say something more about…
Skill 26. Interim summing up (小結,但非總結)
101. So we all agree that…
102.
It seems we all think that…
Skill 27. Prevent digression (say so only when you are sure that a member has side-tracked)(阻止離題)
1. I’m afraid we are a bit off the point here. We are discussing…, rather than…
2. Our discussion is going off track, let return to the subject of …
3. Hang on, can we stick with that point about [property hegemony (地產霸權)]?
4. Excuse me, [Mr. Chan], that is an interesting point, but I am afraid that we are getting off the topic of [Christmas Party].
5. I’m sorry. I think we have to return to the topic of [the advantages of abolishing school uniform].
6. An interesting point, but we are talking about [unethical business practices], I think it will be great to…
7. I think we're going around in circles now. Today’s topic is…
8. This would be some sidetracking from the topic although it might be a good point which deserve our attention after discussion. Today’s topic is…
9. Excuse me. I’m afraid we have gone off the topic. We should be discussing… Shall we go back to the point?
10. [Mr. Chan], I am afraid we’re not talking on the right track here / talking about the right thing here.
11. I see what you mean but I think we should stick to the topic at hand.
12. That is all well said but it would be better if we limit out discussion to the given topic.
13. I understand your point but I do not find a link between what you say and our given topic. Could you please return to the main point?
14. That is not the main point under discussion. Let’s now come to the main topic.
15. I’m sorry. You are a little bit off the topic / off the track. You mention A, but we are talking about B. Do you feel the same?’
Skill 28. Go to the next topic (下一話題)
16. Let’s move on to…?
17. Let's go ahead to the next point, which is ...
18. It seems that all of us have voiced our opinions / given our views on this topic. Shall we move on to the next one, which is [how Hong Kong society views people with tattoos / read out the next point]?
19. So if we agree about this topic, let's look at the next one, which is…
20. Do you mind if we move on to the next point, which is…
21. Okay, should we move along to the next item?
22. Well what’s the next thing we have to decide?
23. Well, let’s move on to another point now, shall we?
Skill 29. Stop members from repeating the same point (叫停重復論點)
24. Right, I think we’ve covered that point already.
25. I’m afraid we are repeating our arguments.
26. I’m afraid we’ve said enough about that.
27. Let’s move on to another area. It seems that we have discussed this in full already.
Skill 30. Challenge others (質疑別人)
28. Your suggestion sounds good, but have you considered its feasibility?
Skill 31. Refrain from arguing (克制、退卻、免吵)
29. Excuse me, there’s no point in arguing. We should try to reach an agreement on…
30. As time is running short, let’s not argue over this point. We’d better discuss…
31. Hang on. I think you two have all you say. Shall we listen to [Mr. Chan]’s idea?
Skill 32. Interrupt / interfere (打斷/介入)
32. Good point, [Miss Chan], what do you think about [inviting a teacher to act as our M.C.]? (The secret is to agree with the dominant candidates first and then redirect the conversation to another candidate or the group.)
33. [Mr. Chan], I agree with your point about [budgeting] but what does the rest of the group think? (Interrupt, and ask other members to state their views.)
34. Sorry to interrupt, but...(interrupt, and then speak yourself)
35. Can I come in at this point?
36. Excuse me, may I say something
37. I’m sorry, sorry to interrupt. Not bad of your idea but I’ve an alternative idea. That is…
38. Sorry for interrupting you, but you seem to digress. Our topic is concerned with…
39. Could I add something to what you said about…
Skill 33. Move the discussion along when an aggressive member tries to take too much time and monopolize the discussion (制止一人佔用太多時間)
40. Thank you [Mr. Chan]. Your idea is really good, but other members are also eager to state their views, could you please give them a chance to speak?
Skill 34. Defend against interruption / interference (不讓打斷/介入)
41. Excuse me, Mr. Wong, we are here not to argue / debate / compete, but to complete a task / solve a common problem / work out our ideas together. Would you please let me finish my point first?
42. Excuse me, could I just finish this point first? And I would try to be as brief as possible.
43. Would you just let me make my whole point first, please?
44. Sorry…but may I finish my point first?
Skill 35. Return to your point after being interrupted / interfered (被人打斷/介入之後重回本身論點再談)
45. As I was saying…
46. To return to / go back to my point…
47. Where was I? Oh yes, I was talking about.
Skill 36. About to conclude (快將總結)
48. Does anyone want to contribute before we wrap up the discussion?
49. As the time is going to be over, should we make a conclusion on the points of our discussion?
50. It seems that we don’t have any more ideas to contribute but I would really like to do a summary of the discussion. May I?
Skill 37. Pre-empt a conclusion (指人過早總結)
51. Excuse me, before we conclude, may I say something about… first?
52. Would you mind if I finish my point before we sum up?
Skill 38. Complete discussion (完成討論)
53. So, to conclude…
54. To sum up then, …
55. We have got three ideas in all…
56. In brief, they…
57. In short, we…
58. It seems we’ve finished our task / discussion, and we can stop here.
59. That’s all we have discussed today. Thank you everyone.
60. We have finished our discussion. Thank you everybody.
資料來源:http://englishwizard.mysinablog.com/index.php?op=ViewArticle&articleId=3012927
l How good is the performance of a Level 5 candidate? (1) click the following link: http://www.hkeaa.edu.hk/en/hkdse/SRR/level5/eng_lang.html, and then (2) click ‘Level 5 exemplar on Speaking paper (Individual Response)’. View the footage with the RealPlayer, which you can search and install online free of charge. (Level 5的考生要達到甚麽水平?請點擊這條鏈結:http://www.hkeaa.edu.hk/en/hkdse/SRR/level5/eng_lang.html, 然後點擊,‘Level 5 exemplar on Speaking paper (Individual Response)。上述錄影要用RealPlayer看。RealPlayer可以在網上免費下載。)
Oral English is an important requirement of work. When you prepare for the Speaking section, you are not just preparing a paper but empowering yourself for career success!
Mr. Courtship: ‘Haven’t I seen you sometime before?’
Ms. Beauty: ‘Probably, I work at the zoo.’ J
Preparation tips:
l Keep yourself informed about current affairs. (知點時事)
l Participate in debate competitions, speech festivals, etc.
l Practice useful sentences/expressions before the examination so that they can always pop up at critical moments. (熟習一些句子/表達,討論時自動「噴」出)
l Develop these habits: (1) Listen and then speak without further thinking. (不要老是先想後說,要習慣不用想就可以說) (2) Always get to the point when you speak. (習慣一說話就說到重點)
Performance Tips:
l Important principle: Communication is the most important point in a group discussion (Group Discussion的竅門在於「敢」溝通). Speak up! Don’t be shy! (出得尼考試,預左唔可以扭扭捏捏) Don’t worry about some occasional and minor errors (即使說了一些小錯誤,也不過是小事一件,絕不氣餒!). Grammar and the pronunciation of individual words are relatively of minor importance when compared to the general impression you give (相對而言,文法錯誤和讀音瑕疵都及不上整體說得流暢的重要,那是印象和觀感分). Go on! (寧嘗試而失敗,不要不嘗試而放棄!)
l During the 10-minute preparation time (如何善用十分鐘準備時間): List salient points during preparation in point form and NOT in sentences (列出你想說的,但要用point form,不要列句子); figure out 10-12 points to speak; spare 2-4 minutes to rehearse what you would say (列出10-12點要說的,用2-4分鐘「自己試說」,那麽,你在Group Discussion時會更有信心); think about your stand (考慮以下各點,包括立場); your role (角色) – to lead or induce another to lead (引導討論或促使別人去引導)?; your technique to communicate (溝通技巧), to express yourself (表達), to query (提問), to stop an aggressive partner (阻止說得太多的人), to respond and defend (回應和維辯本身論點). Think about the tenses to be used (小心時態). Be careful with your pronunciation (注意讀音).
l Level 5 candidate as an individual (Level 5考生的個人表現): Good audibility (聲量要讓人聽得清楚你); Clear and accurate pronunciation (發音清楚準確); overall accurate grammar (文法整體上準確); use of stress and intonation to enhance your message (能用重音和語調增強你的訊息); fluency (流暢); good body language (see below) (良好的身體語言,見下文); a good range of appropriate vocabulary items (運用豐富和適合的詞語), phrases and patterns (能運用好的片語和句式); relevant ideas and explanations (想法和解釋沒有離式); cogency (中肯;有說服力); an ability to argue sophisticated viewpoints (有能力談複雜的論點); an ability to provide justifications and explanations for a standpoint (能為論點提供理由和解釋); even with some occasional and minor errors.
l Level 5 candidate as a team member (Level 5考生和小組其他成員合作時的表現): a desire to contribute to the group interaction (不要抱着「做戲」/「做作」心態,要真心互動); effective communication and interaction skills (有效的溝通和互動技巧); good-turn-talking skills (take up and pass on the talk smoothly and not mechanically) (懂得「承」和「轉」,懂得如何加入發言,如何將話題轉給他人); contribution to the smooth flow of discussion (能作出貢獻,令討論順暢); active and effective participation (listen to other participants earnestly; respond to them appropriately)(好好參與,留心聽人說話,但留心聽的目的不是只聽,只聽是沒有分數的,留心聽,然後抓住機會,適當回應); meaningful contribution (contribute additional ideas of your own).
l How long should I speak every time in the group discussion? A group of 4 candidates have 8 minutes for discussion. Preferably, you should speak no less than 30 seconds and no more than 1 minute every time (每次發言的時間可以是30秒至1分鐘之間).
l Body language (身體語言) includes (1) maintain genuine eye-contact (眼神接觸) with fellow candidates (during group discussion) (在Group Discussion時,要和其他考生有眼神接觸) and examiners (during individual response) (在Individual Response時,要和examiner有眼神接觸); (2) hand gestures (用手勢); and (3) back-channelling, which is a way of showing the speaking candidate that you are following what they are saying and understand, often through interjections like I see, yes, OK and uhu. (給對方反應,表示你了解,可以說I see, yes、OK 、uhu)
l Make a favourable impression on your examiner (給考官好印象): (1) Legibly jot down keywords/brief phrases but NOT sentences. You may refer to your notes when speaking but NEVER read out verbatim what you have written. Your examiner will award you a lower score for that (照字讀出你在準備時間裡寫下的points會被考官扣分,你要像說話地講出你的points). (2) Maintain eye-contact with your fellow candidates (during the Group Discussion section) and your examiner (during the Individual Response section). (3) Always try to speak smoothly and with confidence; (4) Pay attention to the intonation of whole sentences (留意整句的語調); (5) Support your points with relevant examples, if possible (可以的話,舉些例子). (6) Conduct yourself with decorum (表示端莊得體), but make the discussion lively and pleasurable and avoid being too formal with your discussion partners (但不要過於拘謹,過於拘謹會影響你的表現). Always interact well with them through body language (see above). Show interest in what they say.
l Contribute as a team member (基本討論技巧): Avoid dull discussions followed by awkward silences. Use closed-ended questions to get your discussion partners involved. (e.g. Can we reduce work addiction (工作狂) by spreading the importance of leisure time activities, Mr. Lam?). Use open-ended question to keep your discussions going and help them reach greater depth (e.g. What do you think we could do to reduce work addiction, Miss Chan?). (討論時兼用只需要簡單答案(例如只答「是」、「否」、「有」、「無」)的close-ended question和沒有固定答案的open-ended question問對方)
l During individual response: Don’t ramble (勿扯談). Answer the examiner’s question directly (要直接入題). Don’t be too slow in response (回應不可太慢). Keep good eye-contact with the examiner (要與考官有眼神接觸). Use short sentences (句子要短). But don’t give an answer which is too short (答案不能太短). Avoid mistakes (避免犯錯). Be articulate (小心讀音). Use correct tenses (注意時態). Listen to the examiner’s question carefully. (小心聆聽考官的問題). Say ‘I beg your pardon’ if you cannot hear the question clearly (聽不清楚問題便叫考官重覆). If you really cannot understand the question, IMMEDIATELY ask the examiner for another question: ‘Excuse me, examiner, I can’t understand your question. Would you mind asking me another question?’ (真不能了解問題,立刻請考官問下一題).
l Refer to the Annual reports for grammatical and pronunciation errors.
Formulaic expressions are useful, but never overuse them or use them regardless of the context. Use formulaic expressions only when the situation warrants their use. (套語有用,應用得用,但不應濫用)l Always ask meaningful questions or provide natural or appropriate responses.
Skill 1. Greet group members; start the discussion; make your point; invite others to join (四步曲:打招呼,說明話題,發表論點,邀請加入)
1. Nice to meet everyone here for our discussion. The topic we are going to discuss today is… For me… Do you agree? What would be your opinion?
2. Good afternoon / Good evening, everyone. We are here to discuss a topic on [body art and individuality]. We have to complete the discussion in 8 minutes. Let’s begin the discussion/Let’s get started. In my opinion… Does any one of you have any similar or other examples / ideas / points / comments?
3. Well, friends, I believe you are already aware of the topic of today’s discussion. We are here to exchange our views on an article titled [A question of privacy]. Shall we start? Let's start with the point [whether the media have too much freedom] (If the first point to talk about in the paper is [whether the media have too much freedom]).
4. Hello, everybody, mind / do you mind if I begin? Today we are talking about… I suggest that… [Mr. Wong], do you think it is feasible / can work? I’d be happy to hear your opinion.
5. Let’s start our discussion on [picnic arrangement] if everyone is ready. This discussion topic is not new to any one of us here. Our task is to discuss [which destination would be ideal for our picnic]. My own view is that… Do you think so?
Skill 2. How to respond when a member starts the discussion by saying ‘Shall we start’? (別人開了頭,自己要作回應,不要沉默)
6. Sure, we have 8 minutes. Go ahead.
Skill 3. Initiate the discussion with a question (用提問法開始討論)
7. Hello, everybody. We are here to discuss the topic of privacy. [Do the media have too much freedom?] What are your opinions? (Turn your head to scan through your three partners after you ask the question. If nobody responds, immediately give your viewpoints by saying, ‘As I see it, …’)
Skill 4. What should I do if I don’t understand the topic at all? (不明白時,以靜制動)
8. Don’t try to initiate the discussion. Be a good listener first. Get the idea of others and then give good response.
9. Well, I’m not sure. I’ll have to think it over. (若有人要你發言,你根本不明白當時他們在說甚麽,可以用這句)
10. May I think about it for a moment? (若有人要你發言,你根本不明白當時他們在說甚麽,可以用這句)
Skill 5. How to participate if I don’t know the topic or what other members are talking about? (不懂議題,不懂其他人談甚麽,如何參加)
11. You may rephrase a point of your partners (用別人的論點,用自己的話說). For example, if a member proposes to regulate tongue piercing (規管穿舌環) to protect teenagers, you may say, ‘Yes, regulating tongue piercing is a good idea. We should protect teenagers.’
Skill 6. Give Suggestions (提意見)
12. I think / I believe / I suppose / I reckon (估計;猜想)… / I figure (估計;認為) [it’ll be successful].
13. I'll be brief. (我簡單地談一談)
14. As I see it, …/ As for me15. I suppose…
16. Personally, …
17. To me…
18. So far as I can judge, [it is impractical, because]… /My judgment is that [it is impractical]…
19. How about (if we)…?
20. How about this idea: [we have our summer vacation on Lantau Island instead]?
21. Wouldn’t it be a good idea if…?
22. Wouldn’t it be sensible for us to…?
23. The way I see it, we should…
24. I’d like to put forward a suggestion: [Let’s conduct an opinion survey on...]
25. What I want to say is that…
26. A point I want to make is that…
27. One idea would be…
Skill 7. Invite members to speak (邀請人說話)
28. What do you think…
29. How does that sound to you?
30. Do you have any suggestion?
31. What you would recommend, [Mr. Chan]?
32. What’s on your mind?
33. Do you think we ought to … [Mr. Chan]?
34. What would you do if you were me, [Miss. Chan]?
35. Would you mind sharing with / giving us your opinion?
36. Does it make sense to you?
37. Would we try to [be strong/learn from the case/reason with them], [Mr Chan]?
38. What else can you suggest, [Mr. Chan]?
39. What do you think about my / this suggestion?
40. Miss Chan, is it alright/do you think it’ll work?
41. Mr. Chan, we would you do in this position?
42. What about you, [Miss Chan]? Do you have any other points?
43. What about you, [Mr. Chan]? Have you got any suggestions?
Skill 8. Emphasize your point (強調觀點)
44. Absolutely, …
45. I’m certain that…
46. I feel strongly that…
47. I’m really very enthusiastic about that!
48. Great! / Terrific! / How wonderful! / How marvelous (不可思議的)! / It’s breathtaking (激動人心的). / What a good idea!
49. Well, I'm surprised that no one has thought about that.Skill 9 What to say when nobody follows up after you/another member speak (你或別人發言後無人跟進,如何打破冷場)
50. Would any of you say a few words on…? (邀請其他人發言)
51. I would like to add something here. (自己再發言,再邀請其他人發言)
52. I would like to give some explanations here. (自己再發言,再邀請其他人發言)
Skill 9. How to express agreement and why (表示同意,解釋理由)
53. I agree with you, but… (partial agreement, i.e. agree on one point but disagree on another)
54. That makes sense; however… (partial agreement)
55. It's a good idea / point, but… (partial agreement)
56. I suppose so. (partial agreement)
57. Certainly it’s true that…, but on the other hand…(partial agreement)
58. I can see that… But surely…(partial agreement)
59. I am in total agreement with you about… but we also have to consider…. (partial agreement)
60. Agreed, but if we accept… then it must also be true that…(partial agreement)
61. In that case, ... (carry a member’s point further, and then agree or disagree)
62. ‘People like to read magazines for gossip only.’ ‘I suppose so.’
63. If you reply to a negative statement, you say, ‘I suppose not.’ 例如: ‘People like to read magazines for gossip only.’ ‘I suppose not.’
64. Yes, and in fact… (corroboration, i.e. agree and add a further point)
65. Yes, and what is more…
66. I agree, and in fact one might go so far as to say…
67. Absolutely. Actually, I would go further, and say…
68. That’s a sensible / constructive ideas / point / suggestion, because…
69. That sounds great, as…
70. Sounds good.
71. That makes sense since…
72. Very sensible of you, since…
73. Fine, let's do that.
74. I agree with…
75. I think… is a good idea / point
76. I think you're right.
77. I completely agree.
78. You're totally correct/right.
79. Exactly.
80. You know, that’s exactly what I think.
81. That’s just what I’m thinking.
82. That’s exactly what I mean / what is in my mind.
83. I’d go along with your idea / suggestion.
84. That’s a good point. Your suggestion is very innovative and creative.
Skill 10. How to express disagreement and why (表示不同意,並解釋理由)
85. Important: Calmly express your opinion and respect the other member’s opinion all the while. Use expressions which soften the contradictory opinion you are giving (先揚後抑;先禮後兵), and give a reason why you disagree. (講道理)
86. Yes, but… (‘English is difficult.’ ‘Yes, but it’s not so difficult as German.’)
87. I take / see your point, but…
88. I am afraid I can’t agree because…
89. I’m afraid not. There is a point which I should mention.
90. The problem with that is…
91. The way I see it is…
92. I'm against it because…
93. Instead, I think that…
94. Actually, I find that…
95. I’m not sure I quite agree, because…
96. Yes, perhaps, but I think…
97. Well, yours is not a bad idea, but I am sorry I can’t agree with you that…
98. I agree in part / to some extent but…
99. Well, that might work but…
100. Okay, I see your point. But surely you'll admit that…
101. I see what you mean, but many people may not, because….
102. I see what you mean but I have to say ‘no’ to that because…. / but I don’t think…
103. I see your point but I have another idea.
104. That’s not a very good idea.
105. I think we should… (indirect disagreement)
106. Perhaps we could consider an alternative solution. (indirect disagreement)
107. We could… (indirect disagreement)
108. How about…(indirect disagreement)
109. What about…(indirect disagreement)
110. Is that really necessary? (indirect disagreement)
111. One solution may be…(indirect disagreement)
112. It’s not an entirely correct thing to do actually.
113. Personally, I feel that might be a bit unnecessary.
Skill 11. Respond to challenge (回應質疑)
114. You may ask for details by saying: (i) Why do you say that, [Mr. Wong]? (ii) Could you be more specific? (iii) What’s there about [going on picnic on a holiday] that you don’t like?
115. You may ask for confirmation by saying: ‘Are you saying that I have left out an important point, which is…?’
116. You may insist by saying: ‘It’s not a bad idea having regard to all circumstances. Why don’t we give it a try?’
117. J Occasionally, you will find that what you thought to be criticism really isn’t!
Skill 12. Circumvent (避而不答)
118. Thank you for your question. In general, I see your point. In addition, I believe that… How about you?
Skill 13. Change your standpoint (改變立場,策畧退卻)
1. Yes, I guess you could be right.
2. Yes, you have a point on…
3. I’m not sure about that. / I can’t be certain about it.
4. I can’t say for certain. / I can’t say with any certainty about it.
5. Actually, your idea is better. So, why don’t we…?
6. Perhaps you’re right. I’m too pessimistic / ignorant to say / believe that…
7. (It’s) hard to tell. It could be…
8. I can’t make up some mind.
9. I’m in two minds about [which method to use].
10. On my second thought, I will follow your idea
11. I have to agree with you on… but I think I am right in saying that… (退卻一半)
Skill 14. Query or ask for details (質疑;問詳細資料)
12. Why do you say that?
13. What good is [the freedom of media] supposed to do?
14. That was a fascinating idea you give us. Tell me, [Mr. Cheung], why do you think [people like to read magazines just for juicy gossip]?
Skill 15. Ask for repetition (請人重說)
15. (I'm) sorry? (I) (beg your) pardon?
16. Sorry, could you possibly repeat what you said?
17. Excuse me, could you please repeat that (for me) / say that again?
18. Sorry/I’m sorry, would you mind saying it/that again / repeating it/that?
19. I’m afraid I didn’t quite catch what you said. Could you repeat it?
20. Hang on. / Just a minute, please say it / that again.
21. I’m sorry, [Miss Chan]. Do you mean (that)…?
22. If I understand you rightly, do you mean that we should…?
23. If I get you right, do you mean we shouldn’t…?
24. Sorry, would you mind speaking a bit slower?
25. Sorry, can / could you repeat it more loudly? I’m afraid we can’t hear you clearly.26. Sorry, did you say…?
Skill 16. Correct members’ mistakes politely (禮貌改正別人錯處)
27. Sorry, that’s not correct.
28. The way isn’t right, is it?
29. I think it might be more accurate/correct to say that [drunk driving (醉駕) causes many car accident] .
30. Well, actually / as a matter of fact, [Hong Kong Island lies to the south of Kowloon].
31. I’m sorry, [Miss Chan]. It might not be correct to say… because…
32. Sorry, I’m afraid it’s not suitable to say…
33. I’ve to say that/I’m afraid that it’s not quite right.
34. It doesn’t correct to say/suppose that [teenagers have no choice but to abuse drugs].
35. Wouldn’t it be better to say… because…
36. [Miss Chan], I suppose you’re mistaken there.
37. If I may say so, the choice is incorrect / it’s actually not the case / you’re wrong there.
38. Pardon me, [Mr. Chan]. I’m afraid you’re wrong in saying that… In fact, don’t you think it’s better to…?
Skill 17. Correct your own mistakes (糾正自己錯處)
39. My mistake.
40. I must apologize for what I’ve said.
41. If I may correct myself, I don’t think that [capital punishment is justified].
42. I’m sorry… I’m afraid I was wrong to say so. In fact, thinking about it, it is better…
43. I didn’t mean it that way.
44. I think I got that wrong. What I meant to say was…
45. I’m sorry that I’ve just made a mistake. Actually, it should be…
Skill 18. Take up a point (接談話題)
46. On the subject of investment/music, people nowadays …
47. About [the property prices of Hong Kong], I think [they are so high that many of us cannot afford a comfortable home].
48. That reminds me of [the time I went camping with my friends, and we waited at different locations because of poor coordination].
49. Sorry to butt in (插嘴), but did I hear you say that [Hong Kong and Guangdong should have economic communion (經濟共融), will Hong Kong’s competitive advantage become blurred by such communion (經濟共融會令香港的競爭優勢模糊嗎)]?
Skill 19. When asked a question, and you have no idea (無點子) or think the question is not appropriate (認為問題不應問)
50. I’m sorry. I have no idea at this moment.
51. I don’t have much to say.
52. I know too much about this… (Alternatively, you may summarize or paraphrase the points of your partner(s) and say if you agree or not, and why. (你為何會agree/disagree?不是有新point說了嗎?)
53. I would like to hold my comments for the time being. [Mr. Tang] seems to have something to say on this point. [Mr. Tang], would you share your ideas with us?
54. Thank you for asking me, [Miss Cheung], but perhaps we should focus on the question of [what qualities make a person successful at this stage].
Skill 20. Get passive members involved (鼓勵投入)
55. [Miss Lee], do you agree with the idea of [organizing a music party]? (Ask a weaker candidate a yes / no question)
56. [Miss Lee], do you think we should organize [a picnic or a party]? (Ask a weaker candidate to choose between two options)
57. [Miss Lee], what do you think about [organizing a music party]? (Ask a weaker candidate for views on a point)
58. Excuse me. Perhaps we should hear [Mr. Chan]’s opinion. [Mr. Chan], what do you think about…
59. [Miss Chan], do you think the idea will work?
60. [Miss Chan], can I ask if you would agree that [the competitive strengths of Hong Kong are deteriorating (香港的競爭力正在轉差)]?
61. [Miss Chan], would you like to say a few words on…?
62. [Mr. Chan], we haven’t heard from you yet. What’s your opinion on…?
63. [Mr. Chan], you agree with me, wouldn’t you?
64. Would anyone care to comment?
65. Let us, I mean all of us, take part in the discussion.
66. Which one do you prefer? X or Y?
67. Mr. Chan, do you have any comment on my idea?
Skill 21. Have I expressed myself clearly (我有清楚表達自己嗎?)
68. Do you get me?
69. Ok so far?
70. Do you see my point?
71. Have I made my point clear? /Have I made myself clear?
72. If there ‘s anything you are still not clear about, please let me know.
73. Do you see / know /get what I mean?
74. Are you with me?
75. Do you follow me? / Are you following me? (你明白我的話嗎?)
76. Does it make sense to you?77. Does that seem to make sense?
Skill 22. Ask for clarification (要求澄清)
78. If I understand you correctly, you're saying that…
79. May you be simpler about what you have just said?
80. Could you explain your idea further?
81. Could you elaborate your point/ idea?
82. Pardon me, but are you really certain about it?
83. Do you mean to say [drug abuse are common among artists]?
84. Hang on! What are you talking about?
85. I’m sorry. What’s the meaning of…?
Skill 23. Clarifying (自我澄清)
86. What I mean is…
87. What I’m trying to say is…
88. Let me put you in the picture. (讓我把情況告訴你)
89. What / All I’m trying to say is that…
90. I was merely stating the fact that…
91. I was just making the suggestion that…
92. To put it simple, I mean…
93. I’m sorry I haven’t made myself clear. My point is…
94. Let me put it another way / Let me explain it in another way / To put it another way / To put it in other words, I’m saying that…
95. Sorry, I think I was wrong to say…
96. I said, could [social workers give students a hand (幫助)]?
Skill 24. Avoid awkward silence (打破冷場)
97. Let’s be more outspoken / active.
98. Time is running short. Should we say something about…
Skill 25. Add a point to what you / others said (給自己或別人之前的話添加論點)
99. Let’s go back to the point of [Mr. Chan]. I would like to add something here.
100. Before jumping to a conclusion, I would like to say something more about…
Skill 26. Interim summing up (小結,但非總結)
101. So we all agree that…
102.
It seems we all think that…
Skill 27. Prevent digression (say so only when you are sure that a member has side-tracked)(阻止離題)
1. I’m afraid we are a bit off the point here. We are discussing…, rather than…
2. Our discussion is going off track, let return to the subject of …
3. Hang on, can we stick with that point about [property hegemony (地產霸權)]?
4. Excuse me, [Mr. Chan], that is an interesting point, but I am afraid that we are getting off the topic of [Christmas Party].
5. I’m sorry. I think we have to return to the topic of [the advantages of abolishing school uniform].
6. An interesting point, but we are talking about [unethical business practices], I think it will be great to…
7. I think we're going around in circles now. Today’s topic is…
8. This would be some sidetracking from the topic although it might be a good point which deserve our attention after discussion. Today’s topic is…
9. Excuse me. I’m afraid we have gone off the topic. We should be discussing… Shall we go back to the point?
10. [Mr. Chan], I am afraid we’re not talking on the right track here / talking about the right thing here.
11. I see what you mean but I think we should stick to the topic at hand.
12. That is all well said but it would be better if we limit out discussion to the given topic.
13. I understand your point but I do not find a link between what you say and our given topic. Could you please return to the main point?
14. That is not the main point under discussion. Let’s now come to the main topic.
15. I’m sorry. You are a little bit off the topic / off the track. You mention A, but we are talking about B. Do you feel the same?’
Skill 28. Go to the next topic (下一話題)
16. Let’s move on to…?
17. Let's go ahead to the next point, which is ...
18. It seems that all of us have voiced our opinions / given our views on this topic. Shall we move on to the next one, which is [how Hong Kong society views people with tattoos / read out the next point]?
19. So if we agree about this topic, let's look at the next one, which is…
20. Do you mind if we move on to the next point, which is…
21. Okay, should we move along to the next item?
22. Well what’s the next thing we have to decide?
23. Well, let’s move on to another point now, shall we?
Skill 29. Stop members from repeating the same point (叫停重復論點)
24. Right, I think we’ve covered that point already.
25. I’m afraid we are repeating our arguments.
26. I’m afraid we’ve said enough about that.
27. Let’s move on to another area. It seems that we have discussed this in full already.
Skill 30. Challenge others (質疑別人)
28. Your suggestion sounds good, but have you considered its feasibility?
Skill 31. Refrain from arguing (克制、退卻、免吵)
29. Excuse me, there’s no point in arguing. We should try to reach an agreement on…
30. As time is running short, let’s not argue over this point. We’d better discuss…
31. Hang on. I think you two have all you say. Shall we listen to [Mr. Chan]’s idea?
Skill 32. Interrupt / interfere (打斷/介入)
32. Good point, [Miss Chan], what do you think about [inviting a teacher to act as our M.C.]? (The secret is to agree with the dominant candidates first and then redirect the conversation to another candidate or the group.)
33. [Mr. Chan], I agree with your point about [budgeting] but what does the rest of the group think? (Interrupt, and ask other members to state their views.)
34. Sorry to interrupt, but...(interrupt, and then speak yourself)
35. Can I come in at this point?
36. Excuse me, may I say something
37. I’m sorry, sorry to interrupt. Not bad of your idea but I’ve an alternative idea. That is…
38. Sorry for interrupting you, but you seem to digress. Our topic is concerned with…
39. Could I add something to what you said about…
Skill 33. Move the discussion along when an aggressive member tries to take too much time and monopolize the discussion (制止一人佔用太多時間)
40. Thank you [Mr. Chan]. Your idea is really good, but other members are also eager to state their views, could you please give them a chance to speak?
Skill 34. Defend against interruption / interference (不讓打斷/介入)
41. Excuse me, Mr. Wong, we are here not to argue / debate / compete, but to complete a task / solve a common problem / work out our ideas together. Would you please let me finish my point first?
42. Excuse me, could I just finish this point first? And I would try to be as brief as possible.
43. Would you just let me make my whole point first, please?
44. Sorry…but may I finish my point first?
Skill 35. Return to your point after being interrupted / interfered (被人打斷/介入之後重回本身論點再談)
45. As I was saying…
46. To return to / go back to my point…
47. Where was I? Oh yes, I was talking about.
Skill 36. About to conclude (快將總結)
48. Does anyone want to contribute before we wrap up the discussion?
49. As the time is going to be over, should we make a conclusion on the points of our discussion?
50. It seems that we don’t have any more ideas to contribute but I would really like to do a summary of the discussion. May I?
Skill 37. Pre-empt a conclusion (指人過早總結)
51. Excuse me, before we conclude, may I say something about… first?
52. Would you mind if I finish my point before we sum up?
Skill 38. Complete discussion (完成討論)
53. So, to conclude…
54. To sum up then, …
55. We have got three ideas in all…
56. In brief, they…
57. In short, we…
58. It seems we’ve finished our task / discussion, and we can stop here.
59. That’s all we have discussed today. Thank you everyone.
60. We have finished our discussion. Thank you everybody.
資料來源:http://englishwizard.mysinablog.com/index.php?op=ViewArticle&articleId=3012927